During this trip I was able to liaise successfully with the following colleagues concerned with resistance and its management: Drs Rick Roush (Cornell), Alan Devonshire (Rothamsted), Chris Curtis (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) and Alan McCaffery (Reading University). Outcomes of the discussions were: (1) I received affinnation that the likely nature of the pyrethroid resistance recently detected in St George, was an esterase-mediated mechanism, as suggested by Dr Robin Gunning. I established contacts relevant to the new project on the esterase resistance in Helicoverpa armigera. Clones for the para gene for kdr resistance and for esterases were made available. (2) I was given up-to-date information on pyrethroid resistance studies in H.. armigera in India and Thailand, and Heliothis virescens in the USA. It appears that kdr type resistance is not common in Asian populations of resistant H. armigera as was first thought. In particular, the dominant form of pyrethroid resistance in India is metabolism Endosulfan resistance has been detected in Pakistan H. armigera. (3) I discussed different aspects of resistance management to transgenic plants. As a result, I have become concerned about the directions being taken in models overseas that seem biased towards seed mixtures as the preferred control strategy. This bias arises more from social/political constraints in the USA cotton industry than because it necessarily is the only viable option to manage Bt plants. However, seed mixtures do seem to be the 'best' biological option in potato crops for the control of Colorado potato beetle because this insect is not very mobile