The reniform nematode is a major constraint to cotton production in the USA. Recent detections in Central Queensland have led to an extensive soil survey of the Theodore district. Reniform nematodes were found to be widespread, inhabiting 72-75% of fields in the northern districts, 49% of sampled fields to the south of Theodore as well as a limited area in Emerald. Although summer/ winter fluctuations have been observed, there is some early indication of net population increases between cotton seasons. Further data collection is required to establish economic thresholds to enable prediction of potential yield decrease associated with a population density