Understanding wetland habitats at reach to catchment scales

Date Issued:2010-03-15

Abstract

This project developed multi-scale remote sensing techniques to determine the location, extent and hydrological function of wetlands in the Namoi catchment. The project was broken into three distinct components that each examined wetland and riverine habitats at different scales. A medium-resolution lowland wetland component used multi-temporal Landsat TM data to relate river flow height to wetland inundation for a 40 km reach of the Namoi River around Wee Waa. The upland wetlands section sought to refine techniques to map upland wetland extent in the upper Namoi catchment using multisource datasets, including SPOT 5 data, Landsat TM and a medium resolution DEM. The final section of the project developed and assessed very high-resolution LiDAR and airborne image data for describing riverine habitats on a 1 km reach of the Namoi River below Wee Waa.The medium resolution section successfully developed and applied methods to map wetland extent and relate river flow to wetland inundation for a 40 km reach of the Namoi River. Analysis of the downstream attenuation of floods in the reach using historical gauge data showed that upstream flood peaks could be used to predict downstream flood behaviour in a reliable manner. Further a discharge range between 35,000 and 75,000 ML/Day was identified as critical to a substantial increase in wetland inundation.The development of semi-automated techniques for mapping upland wetlands proved unsuccessful using the available datasets. The variation in wetland cover caused by a broad range of farm management practices caused too much spectral variation in satellite imagery to permit useful application of semi-automated processes. In addition, currently available DEM data are too coarse for mapping of these generally narrow features. However, manual mapping of these features based on visual interpretation of 2.5 m pixel merged SPOT 5 data coupled with appropriate mapping rules can be applied to substantially refine to current mapping of upland wetland features.The use of high-resolution LiDAR and digital image data proved successful for mapping riverine habitats at very fine scales. The topographic data provided by the LiDAR permitted the identification of the channel top boundary and hence separation on in-channel and overbank environments. This topographic data also allowed the mapping of key habitats that could be defined by slope, elevation and general shape characteristics. Linking the habitat map to the 3d DEM surface permitted the map to be linked to river stage height data and hence historical habitat inundation patterns could be examined.Key recommendations to arise out of this project are:Extend the medium resolution wetland inundation mapping technique beyond the 40 km reach to other key reaches in the catchment. The availability of free Landsat TM data greatly reduces any costs of key data for this study.Undertake a project to map the extent and location of upland wetlands in the Namoi catchment. This study has shown that existing wetland databases significantly under estimate wetland extent in the upland region of the catchment. A project that focused specifically on mapping upland wetlands with appropriate mapping rules and scale would provide a much more accurate map of the upland wetlands in the region. High-resolution data and techniques to relate flow to inundation proved successful for the study reach analysed in this project. The key recommendation from this study is to investigate potential new research into understanding riverine habitat function following inundation events so that the 3d habitat inundation model can be developed into a 3d riverine habitat function model

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